Geography

Atlapedia
Provides information on every country including geography, climate, people, religion, language, history, and economy. Includes physical and political maps for each country as well.

World Factbook
The World Factbook includes country information from the CIA. Maps, statistics, and cultural information are included in the online factbook.

Infoplease
This site provides cultural, geographic, political, and economic information on various countries.

Mapquest
Find detailed maps of thousands of U.S. and international cities. Listings include streets, points of interest, restaurants, shopping, schools, and more.

How far is it?
This handy source calculates distances between thousands of U.S. and hundreds of international cities. As the crow flies, not the airlines. Charlottesville to Vladivostok: 6536 miles (10518 km).

Thesaurus of Geographic Names
Hierarchical directory of literally hundreds of thousands of physical and political entities around the world. Includes mountains, rivers, lakes, canyons, bays, mines, universities, and more. Provides geographic coordinates.